2. Why do we avoid what I call "audience fallacies" and "authorial fallacies" in our writing?...

Keeping in mind the Hypodermic model of communication (media --> person --> action/interpretation), when we write, it is important to avoid "audience fallacies" and "authorial fallacies". "Audience fallacy" means assuming action or interpretation of an (your) audience. "Authorial fallacy" is saying your view is the dominant view (most common or favored view of an/your audience); when writing, you should never encourage this because this is biased thinking and an inaccurate approach. For example,(regarding "authorial fallacy") you can say an ad is encouraging this kind of thought but is NOT what the ad says. An example of "audience fallacy" would be "this ad makes its viewers feel like out-castes because of the use of race and class in a negative way" -- this would be committing "audience fallacy".The significance of these writing "fallacies" is that it makes writers aware that when they write, they must express themselves as appropriate and as accurate as possible. A small change in word usage can give a sentence almost an entirely different meaning.